The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) is the main parasympathetic pathway of the autonomic nervous system.
It arises from the medulla oblongata, exits the skull through the jugular foramen, and travels down the neck within the carotid sheath beside the carotid artery and jugular vein, continuing through the chest to the abdomen.
Along its route, it branches to the larynx, pharynx, heart, lungs, stomach, liver, pancreas, and intestines.
Its auricular branch carries sensory fibers to parts of the outer ear — especially the cymba conchae, a common site for gentle auricular stimulation.
About 80 percent of its fibers are afferent, sending information from organs back to the brain, while the remaining 20 percent are efferent, sending signals from the brain to the body.
This two-way communication helps regulate breathing, heart rate, digestion, and emotional calm, maintaining the body’s rest-and-digest balance.
In essence, the vagus nerve acts as a biological communication bridge linking the brain with key organs to support relaxation, recovery, and internal harmony.
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